Design Business Strategy
Question 1.
A big travel agent is about to design its business strategy for the next 3 years. Their business advisor
suggests that they first carryout a survey to understand the market requirements on their services for
the next three years. Design a questionnaire that could provide the market information and help the
travel agent to make informed decisions. . In designing your questionnaire, please take the following
steps:
· Read your lecture notes and the sample questionnaires (posted on the black board) before you design
your questions.
· Your questions should cover all aspects of the travel agent business strategy.
· You can divide it into different strata if it is getting too long.
· You will use this questionnaire to generate random responses for your next assignment. Please take
into account what you did in the lab on week 4 in terms of how you would generate random data.
· You must outline:
1) Your target population and sample and give reasons for your population and sample selections.
2) How you would distribute the questionnaire and collect the replies? Provide the reasons for your
choices.
3) How would you run your pilot survey? Identify your sample for the pilot survey and provide reasons
for your choice.
4) Provide the list of websites and references that you have used (if any) to design your questionnaire.
ANSWERS
1) There are different people who approach to different tourist travelers so our target population
is this one for our following questionnaire. From all the total population we will refer to select a
sample size of 1000 people.these 1000 people will be selected on random basis. Because of the
experience and likings of tourists travelers the population will be choosen which will help in
analyzing the requirements of tourists and travelers. this data will be highly beneficial for the
company to make new strategies for the upcoming their 3 years by understanding the present
trend of tourism.
2) The data would be collected for travelers and distributed among past tourists travelers .it would
be distributed through their residential address and they would be provided at their homes. The
surveys will be collected directly from their home. As these people always make plans for their
future as tourists and they make frequently and continous plans for their trips. This all
information will help out to make new strategies for proper arrangements in developing
accurate and proper travelling trips.
3) These travelers are more aware of the necessities and requirements as they often travel from
time to time so for our pilot survey 1000 previous tourists travelers will be selected for
conduction of survey.
4) Following are websites and references used to design the questionnaire.
https://www.esurveycreator.com/
https://surveyplanet.com/
www.wordstream.com/
https://surveynuts.com/en
https://freeonlinesurveys.com/
https://www.surveymonkey.com/
SURVEY REGARDING TOURISM
PLEASE TICK FOLLOWING QUESTION’S ANSWERS ACCORDING TO BEST OPTION SUIT TO IT
1. What is your age?
a. Less than 18
b. 18-25
c. 25-30
d. 30-40
e. 40-50
f. 50 +
2. What is your gender?
a. Male
b. Female
c. Other
3.What is your Current Status?
a. Single
b. Married
c. Divorced
d. Separated
4. Which tourist you will prefer the most?
a. Student Tourists
b. Adventurous Tourists
c. Fun loving Tourists
d. Elder Tourists
5. Which reason suits you the most as to travel?
a. Mediation
b. Free time
c. Satisfaction Time
d. Relaxation Time
e. Exploration
6. Which below Status belongs to you?
a. Student
b. Employee
c. Self Employed
d. Not Working
7. Highest Education Received by You?
a. Not completed Year 12
b. Completed Year 12 (VCE)
c. TAFE Qualification
d. Under Graduate University Degree
e. Post Graduate University Degree
f. Other please specify ( )
8. Your Annual Income?
a. Less than $25,000
b. Between $25,001-$40,000
c. Between $40,001-$60,000
d. Between $60,001-$80,000
e. Greater than $80,001
9. How Much would you like to spend on Travelling?
1. Less than $3000
2. $3001-$5000
3.$5001-$10000
4. More than $10,001 please specify a figure ( )
10. With whom you love to travel?
a. Alone
b. Friends
c. Family
11. How many days travel pack you love to choose given by any company?
a. Up to 3 Days
b. Up to 5 Days
c. Up to 7 Days
d. More than 7 days please specify how many days( )
12. Which time of the Year would you like to Travel. Please tick all options which suits you?
a. Christmas and New year Holidays
b. December and January
c. Feb – June
d. July – October
e. Any time
13. Would you like to Travel on Weekend or a Weekday?
a. Weekend
b. Weekday
14. Which is your favorite kind of environment to travel?
a. Spring
b. Hot
c. Summer
15. Do you think tourist’s guide must be appointed?
a. Yes
b. No
16. Would you like to travel outside your country?
a. Yes (if yes please refer to Question 23)
b. No
17. If you have to travel please write Your most 5 favorite destinations (State/Countries) you want
to visit. Write first as the most favorite then accordingly.
a. (Most favorite in 5)
b.
c.
d.
e. (least favorite in 5)
Question 2.
One of the election promises for the current federal government was to set up policies to reduce the
number of drug addicts in the community. You have been asked to design a survey questionnaire that
would help them to gather the critical information which is necessary to set up their policies. Their
policies must address moral, economical and social issues. In designing your questionnaire please
consider the steps mentioned in question 1.
1) For this survey 1000 people will be selected from the community. These all 1000 people will be
selected on randomly. Through these 1000 people the federal government will came to know
about the moral , economic and social causes of drug in the society. And also they will came to
know the different information which will help out them to analyse their policies which they are
going to make to tackle with the drugs.
2) All the surveys will be sended to the people through their residential addresses and they would
be provided at their home. The surveys will be collected directly from their home. As the people
are important part of society they are more aware of the causes and effects of drugs on ground
basis which will help out the federal government in a very positive way.
3) For our pilot survey 1000 people are selected from the local community they can be drug
addicts for they can be affected from this in their past or they can be someone who know
someone close to them effected from drugs. So the information shared by them through this
survey will help the federal government for making their future policies.
4) Following are websites and references used to design the questionnaire.
https://www.esurveycreator.com/
https://surveyplanet.com/
www.wordstream.com/
https://surveynuts.com/en
https://freeonlinesurveys.com/
https://www.surveymonkey.com/
DRUG SURVEY
PLEASE TICK FOLLOWING QUESTION’S ANSWERS ACCORDING TO BEST OPTION SUIT TO IT
1. What is Your origin?
a. White
b. Black
c. Asian
d. African
e. American
f. Other please specify ( )
2. What is your Age?
a. Below 14
b. Between 14-18
c. Between 18-25
d. Between 25-30
e. Between 30-40
f. Between 40-50
g. Above 14
3. What is your gender?
d. Male
e. Female
f. Other
4.What is your Current Status?
e. Single
f. Married
g. Divorced
h. Separated
5. Which below Status belongs to you?
a. Student
b. Employee
c. Self Employed
d. Not Working
6. Highest Education Received by You?
a. Not completed Year 12
b. Completed Year 12 (VCE)
c. TAFE Qualification
d. Under Graduate University Degree
e. Post Graduate University Degree
f. Other please specify ( )
7. Your Annual Income?
a. Less than $18,000
b. Between $18,001- $25,000
c. Between $25,001-$40,000
d. Between $40,001-$60,000
e. Between $60,001-$80,000
f. Greater than $80,001
8. Do you use Drugs?
a. Yes
b. No
IF YES to question 8 PLEASE give Answers to all following questions
IF No to question 8 PLEASE refer to questions after 15
9. How Often do you use Drugs?
a. Every Day
b. Every 2-3 days
c.Once a week
d.Every Fortnight
e.Once a month
f. Every 2 months
10. What Type of Drugs are used by you?
a. Alcohol
b. Medicines
c. Cocaine
d. Heroine
e. Other please specify ( )
11. Who introduced you to drugs?
a. Friends
b. Family
12. Please tick the factors which you think influence you to try drugs ?
a. Peer Pressure
b. Depression
c. Curiosity
d. In the influence of Media
e.To cope with Home problems
f. Lack of parental guidance
g.To deal with study
h.Because of Rastafarian beliefs
i. Other please specify ( )
13. What you think is the punishments are strictly enforced by government in your area ?
1. Yes
2. No
3. Not sure
14. How much Money you spend on drugs weekly basis
a. $5 – $30
b. $31 – $50
c. $51 – $100
d. $101 – $150
e. $151 – $200
f. $201 – $500
g. Above $500
15. Rate yourself as drug addict out of 5?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. 5
16. What you think mostly people do in your community been affected by drug abuse?
a. Become Physically ill
b. Develop mental illness
c. Becomes vagrants
d. Turn to theft
e. Turn to prostitution
f. Behave violently
g. Other please specifty ( )
17. What do you think can be done to solve drug problem from society?
a. Establishment of more groups and clubs to make people aware of side effects of drugs
b. The establishment of recreational facilities
c. Greater parental guidance
d. Greater education through young age
e. Strict laws against drugs.
f. Other please specify ( )
18. Please give any special suggestions in few lines to stop the drugs from our society?
(
)
Solution
Question 1:
- TRAVEL
The aim of the analysis is to help the travel agent in making his business strategy with the information provided below.
For the travel analysis a subsample of 250 observations out of 1000 was randomly selected.
The analysis begins with description of the entire data and continues with a multinomial regression where the effects of gender and age on the spending for travel are examined.
The sample is nearly equally distributed amongst the 6 age groups, however, most of the participants are aged between 25 and 30 (20.8%) and the smallest group is the one of those at age between 18 and 25.
32.4% of the people are male, 30.8% are female.
Only 22.4% are married and the rest are either single, divorced or separated.
The most common reason for travelling is exploration (22.8%) followed by relaxation time and free time, each represented by 20.4% of the sample.
The sample is equally distributed in the following 4 groups: students (28.4%), employees (26.4%), self-employed (22.4%) and not working (22.8%).
The participants are also equally distributed amongst the following educational levels: 14.4% haven’t completed 12th year, 19.2% have VCE, 18.4% have TAFE qualification, 14% are undergraduates, 16.4% are post graduates and there are 17.6% with other education than the listed options.
The annual income of 25.2% of the sample is between $60 001 and $80 000, for 22% it is less than $25 000.
Most of the participants spend less than $3 000 on travelling, 30%, while 22.8% spend more than $10 000.
The sample is equally divided with regard to traveling accompaniment preferences: 32.8% prefer travelling alone, 34.8% like to travel with friends and the rest with family.
The most preferred duration of the travel is up to 5 days (30.4%) and the most preferred time of the Year for travelling is July – October (22.8%) while the least preferred time is during the Christmas and New Year holidays.
The most favourite destinations are also divided equally amongst the sample participants, however, there is slight preference for Australia (22.4%) and the least preferred are North America (12.4%) and Africa (14.8%).
According to the results of the regression analysis neither the age nor the gender have significant effects on the amount spent on travelling.
All results from the analyses run in SPSS are provided in the Appendix, along with Bar charts for better visualization of the distribution of the variables.
Appendix
The analysis is using the following techniques: descriptive statistics, graphical representation and Multinomial regression. The descriptive statistics are done through frequency tables which provide information for the frequencies of the various categories of the variables. The graphical representation is achieved through bar charts and the Multinomial regression is used to test whether age category has significant effect on the amount spent on travel. Since the dependent variable (amount spent on travel) is measured on the nominal scale and not on the continuous the linear regression cannot be used, but the Multinomial.
Frequency Table
| What is your age? | |||||
| Frequency | Percent | Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent | ||
| Valid | less than 18 | 34 | 13.6 | 13.6 | 13.6 |
| 18-25 | 31 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 26.0 | |
| 25-30 | 52 | 20.8 | 20.8 | 46.8 | |
| 30-40 | 46 | 18.4 | 18.4 | 65.2 | |
| 40-50 | 42 | 16.8 | 16.8 | 82.0 | |
| 50+ | 45 | 18.0 | 18.0 | 100.0 | |
| Total | 250 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||
| What is your gender? | |||||
| Frequency | Percent | Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent | ||
| Valid | male | 81 | 32.4 | 32.4 | 32.4 |
| female | 77 | 30.8 | 30.8 | 63.2 | |
| other | 92 | 36.8 | 36.8 | 100.0 | |
| Total | 250 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||
| What is your current status? | |||||
| Frequency | Percent | Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent | ||
| Valid | single | 60 | 24.0 | 24.0 | 24.0 |
| married | 56 | 22.4 | 22.4 | 46.4 | |
| divorced | 65 | 26.0 | 26.0 | 72.4 | |
| separated | 69 | 27.6 | 27.6 | 100.0 | |
| Total | 250 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||
| Which tourist you will prefer the most? | |||||
| Frequency | Percent | Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent | ||
| Valid | student | 62 | 24.8 | 24.8 | 24.8 |
| adventurous | 55 | 22.0 | 22.0 | 46.8 | |
| fun loving | 65 | 26.0 | 26.0 | 72.8 | |
| elder | 68 | 27.2 | 27.2 | 100.0 | |
| Total | 250 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||
| Which reason suits you the most as to travel? | |||||
| Frequency | Percent | Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent | ||
| Valid | mediation | 49 | 19.6 | 19.6 | 19.6 |
| free time | 51 | 20.4 | 20.4 | 40.0 | |
| satisfaction time | 42 | 16.8 | 16.8 | 56.8 | |
| relaxation time | 51 | 20.4 | 20.4 | 77.2 | |
| exploration | 57 | 22.8 | 22.8 | 100.0 | |
| Total | 250 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||
| Which below Status belongs to you | |||||
| Frequency | Percent | Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent | ||
| Valid | student | 71 | 28.4 | 28.4 | 28.4 |
| employee | 66 | 26.4 | 26.4 | 54.8 | |
| self employed | 56 | 22.4 | 22.4 | 77.2 | |
| not working | 57 | 22.8 | 22.8 | 100.0 | |
| Total | 250 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||
| Highest educaion received by you? | |||||
| Frequency | Percent | Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent | ||
| Valid | not completed year 12 | 36 | 14.4 | 14.4 | 14.4 |
| completed year 12 (VCE) | 48 | 19.2 | 19.2 | 33.6 | |
| TAFE qualification | 46 | 18.4 | 18.4 | 52.0 | |
| under graduate | 35 | 14.0 | 14.0 | 66.0 | |
| post graduate | 41 | 16.4 | 16.4 | 82.4 | |
| other | 44 | 17.6 | 17.6 | 100.0 | |
| Total | 250 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||
| Your annual income? | |||||
| Frequency | Percent | Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent | ||
| Valid | less than $25 000 | 55 | 22.0 | 22.0 | 22.0 |
| between $25 001 – $40 000 | 45 | 18.0 | 18.0 | 40.0 | |
| between $40 001 – $60 000 | 44 | 17.6 | 17.6 | 57.6 | |
| between $60 001 – $80 000 | 63 | 25.2 | 25.2 | 82.8 | |
| greater than $80 001 | 43 | 17.2 | 17.2 | 100.0 | |
| Total | 250 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||
| How much would you like to spend on Travelling | |||||
| Frequency | Percent | Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent | ||
| Valid | less than $3000 | 75 | 30.0 | 30.0 | 30.0 |
| between $3 001 – $5 000 | 63 | 25.2 | 25.2 | 55.2 | |
| between $5 001 – $10 000 | 55 | 22.0 | 22.0 | 77.2 | |
| more than $10 000 | 57 | 22.8 | 22.8 | 100.0 | |
| Total | 250 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||
| With whom you love to travel? | |||||
| Frequency | Percent | Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent | ||
| Valid | alone | 82 | 32.8 | 32.8 | 32.8 |
| friends | 87 | 34.8 | 34.8 | 67.6 | |
| family | 81 | 32.4 | 32.4 | 100.0 | |
| Total | 250 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||
| How many days travel pack you love to chose given by any company? | |||||
| Frequency | Percent | Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent | ||
| Valid | up to 3 days | 57 | 22.8 | 22.8 | 22.8 |
| up to 5 days | 76 | 30.4 | 30.4 | 53.2 | |
| up to 7 days | 66 | 26.4 | 26.4 | 79.6 | |
| more than 7 days | 51 | 20.4 | 20.4 | 100.0 | |
| Total | 250 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||
| Which time of the Year would you like to Travel? | |||||
| Frequency | Percent | Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent | ||
| Valid | Christmas and New Yar Holidays | 42 | 16.8 | 16.8 | 16.8 |
| December and January | 54 | 21.6 | 21.6 | 38.4 | |
| February-June | 46 | 18.4 | 18.4 | 56.8 | |
| July – October | 57 | 22.8 | 22.8 | 79.6 | |
| any time | 51 | 20.4 | 20.4 | 100.0 | |
| Total | 250 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||
| Would you like to travel on weekend or weekday? | |||||
| Frequency | Percent | Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent | ||
| Valid | weekend | 122 | 48.8 | 48.8 | 48.8 |
| weekday | 128 | 51.2 | 51.2 | 100.0 | |
| Total | 250 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||
| What is your favourite kind of environment to travel? | |||||
| Frequency | Percent | Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent | ||
| Valid | spring | 91 | 36.4 | 36.4 | 36.4 |
| hot | 81 | 32.4 | 32.4 | 68.8 | |
| summer | 78 | 31.2 | 31.2 | 100.0 | |
| Total | 250 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||
| Do you think tourist guide must be appointed? | |||||
| Frequency | Percent | Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent | ||
| Valid | yes | 127 | 50.8 | 50.8 | 50.8 |
| no | 123 | 49.2 | 49.2 | 100.0 | |
| Total | 250 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||
| Would you like to travel outside your country? | |||||
| Frequency | Percent | Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent | ||
| Valid | yes | 121 | 48.4 | 48.4 | 48.4 |
| no | 129 | 51.6 | 51.6 | 100.0 | |
| Total | 250 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||
| Which is your most favourite destination? | |||||
| Frequency | Percent | Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent | ||
| Valid | North America | 31 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 |
| South America | 48 | 19.2 | 19.2 | 31.6 | |
| Asia | 38 | 15.2 | 15.2 | 46.8 | |
| Europe | 40 | 16.0 | 16.0 | 62.8 | |
| Africa | 37 | 14.8 | 14.8 | 77.6 | |
| Australia | 56 | 22.4 | 22.4 | 100.0 | |
| Total | 250 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||
Bar Chart
Nominal Regression
| Model Fitting Information | ||||
| Model | Model Fitting Criteria | Likelihood Ratio Tests | ||
| -2 Log Likelihood | Chi-Square | df | Sig. | |
| Intercept Only | 183.965 | |||
| Final | 173.931 | 10.034 | 21 | .978 |
| Pseudo R-Square | |
| Cox and Snell | .039 |
| Nagelkerke | .042 |
| McFadden | .015 |
| Likelihood Ratio Tests | ||||
| Effect | Model Fitting Criteria | Likelihood Ratio Tests | ||
| -2 Log Likelihood of Reduced Model | Chi-Square | df | Sig. | |
| Intercept | 173.931a | .000 | 0 | . |
| age | 180.347 | 6.416 | 15 | .972 |
| gender | 177.433 | 3.502 | 6 | .744 |
| The chi-square statistic is the difference in -2 log-likelihoods between the final model and a reduced model. The reduced model is formed by omitting an effect from the final model. The null hypothesis is that all parameters of that effect are 0. |
* Encoding: UTF-8.
DATASET ACTIVATE DataSet1.
USE ALL.
do if $casenum=1.
compute #s_$_1=250.
compute #s_$_2=1000.
end if.
do if #s_$_2 > 0.
compute filter_$=uniform(1)* #s_$_2 < #s_$_1.
compute #s_$_1=#s_$_1 – filter_$.
compute #s_$_2=#s_$_2 – 1.
else.
compute filter_$=0.
end if.
VARIABLE LABELS filter_$ ‘250 from the first 1000 cases (SAMPLE)’.
FORMATS filter_$ (f1.0).
FILTER BY filter_$.
EXECUTE.
Question 2:
- DRUGS
The aim of the analysis is to answer the question whether age and gender have significant influence on the amount spent on drugs and to present general description of the dataset.
For the drug analysis a subsample of 250 observations out of 1000 was randomly selected.
The analysis begins with description of the entire data and continues with a multinomial regression where the effects of gender and age on the spending for drugs are examined.
The sample is nearly equally distributed amongst the 6 origin groups: white, black, Asian, African, American and other.
Most of the participants are aged between 31 and 40 (16.8%) and the smallest group is the one of those at age above 51 (12%).
34% of the people are male, 30.4% are female and there is the largest group, 35.6% of other gender.
Only 26.4% are married and the rest are either single, divorced or separated.
The sample is equally distributed in the following 4 groups: students (22.8%), employees (26.0%), self-employed (27.6%) and not working (23.6%).
The participants are also equally distributed amongst the following educational levels: 15.2% haven’t completed 12th year, another 15.2% have VCE, and another 15.2% have TAFE qualification, 21.6% are undergraduates, 16.4% are post graduates and there are another 16.4% with other education than the listed options.
The annual income of 18% of the sample is below $18 000 and $80 000, and there are another 18% with income between $40 001 and $60 000.
The entire sample is using drugs. The largest group, 20% of the sample is using every 2 months, while the everyday users are the smallest group of the sample, only 12%.
The most common drug is the alcohol, 21.6% followed by the heroin, 21.2% and cocaine, 20.4%. Medicines are also used as a drug by 18.8% of the participants in the sample.
Strange as it may sound, 50.8% of the sample were introduced to drugs by family members and 49.2% by friends.
There were various identified reasons for trying of drugs and the dominant is lack of parental guidance, 12.8% while the least common reason is to cope with home problems.
16.8% of the sample spend between $201 and $500 on drugs, 15.2% spend even more than $500 and only 10.4% spend below $30.
Most of the participants rate themselves as moderate or below moderate drug addicts (61.6%).
According to the results of the regression analysis age has a significant effect on the amount spent on drugs and gender does not. That means that there is significant difference between the drug spending of the various age groups.
All results from the analyses run in SPSS are provided in the Appendix, along with Bar charts for better visualization of the distribution of the variables.
Appendix
The analysis is using the following techniques: descriptive statistics, graphical representation and Multinomial regression. The descriptive statistics are done through frequency tables which provide information for the frequencies of the various categories of the variables. The graphical representation is achieved through bar charts and the Multinomial regression is used to test whether age categoryand gender have significant effect on the amount spent on drugs. Since the dependent variable (amount spent on drugs) is measured on the nominal scale and not on the continuous the linear regression cannot be used, but the Multinomial.
Frequency Table
| What is your origin? | |||||
| Frequency | Percent | Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent | ||
| Valid | white | 43 | 17.2 | 17.2 | 17.2 |
| black | 38 | 15.2 | 15.2 | 32.4 | |
| asian | 43 | 17.2 | 17.2 | 49.6 | |
| african | 39 | 15.6 | 15.6 | 65.2 | |
| american | 43 | 17.2 | 17.2 | 82.4 | |
| other | 44 | 17.6 | 17.6 | 100.0 | |
| Total | 250 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||
| What is your age? | |||||
| Frequency | Percent | Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent | ||
| Valid | below 14 | 34 | 13.6 | 13.6 | 13.6 |
| between 14 – 18 | 36 | 14.4 | 14.4 | 28.0 | |
| between 19 – 25 | 37 | 14.8 | 14.8 | 42.8 | |
| between 26 – 30 | 34 | 13.6 | 13.6 | 56.4 | |
| between 31 – 40 | 42 | 16.8 | 16.8 | 73.2 | |
| between 41 – 50 | 37 | 14.8 | 14.8 | 88.0 | |
| above 51 | 30 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 100.0 | |
| Total | 250 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||
| What is your gender? | |||||
| – | Frequency | Percent | Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent | |
| Valid | male | 85 | 34.0 | 34.0 | 34.0 |
| female | 76 | 30.4 | 30.4 | 64.4 | |
| other | 89 | 35.6 | 35.6 | 100.0 | |
| Total | 250 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||
| What is your current status? | |||||
| Frequency | Percent | Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent | ||
| Valid | single | 56 | 22.4 | 22.4 | 22.4 |
| married | 66 | 26.4 | 26.4 | 48.8 | |
| divorced | 61 | 24.4 | 24.4 | 73.2 | |
| separated | 67 | 26.8 | 26.8 | 100.0 | |
| Total | 250 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||
| Which below status belongs to you? | |||||
| Frequency | Percent | Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent | ||
| Valid | student | 57 | 22.8 | 22.8 | 22.8 |
| employee | 65 | 26.0 | 26.0 | 48.8 | |
| self-employed | 69 | 27.6 | 27.6 | 76.4 | |
| not working | 59 | 23.6 | 23.6 | 100.0 | |
| Total | 250 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||
| Highest educaion received by you? | |||||
| Frequency | Percent | Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent | ||
| Valid | not completed year 12 | 38 | 15.2 | 15.2 | 15.2 |
| completed year 12 (VCE) | 38 | 15.2 | 15.2 | 30.4 | |
| TAFE qualification | 38 | 15.2 | 15.2 | 45.6 | |
| under graduate | 54 | 21.6 | 21.6 | 67.2 | |
| post graduate | 41 | 16.4 | 16.4 | 83.6 | |
| other | 41 | 16.4 | 16.4 | 100.0 | |
| Total | 250 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||
| Your annual income? | |||||
| Frequency | Percent | Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent | ||
| Valid | less than $18 000 | 45 | 18.0 | 18.0 | 18.0 |
| between $18 001 – $25 000 | 41 | 16.4 | 16.4 | 34.4 | |
| between $25 001 – $40 000 | 44 | 17.6 | 17.6 | 52.0 | |
| between $40 001 – $60 000 | 45 | 18.0 | 18.0 | 70.0 | |
| between $60 001 – $80 00 | 38 | 15.2 | 15.2 | 85.2 | |
| greater than $80 001 | 37 | 14.8 | 14.8 | 100.0 | |
| Total | 250 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||
| Do you use drugs? | |||||
| Frequency | Percent | Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent | ||
| Valid | yes | 250 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| How often do you use drugs? | |||||
| Frequency | Percent | Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent | ||
| Valid | every day | 30 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 |
| every 2-3 days | 43 | 17.2 | 17.2 | 29.2 | |
| once a week | 40 | 16.0 | 16.0 | 45.2 | |
| every fortnight | 45 | 18.0 | 18.0 | 63.2 | |
| once a month | 42 | 16.8 | 16.8 | 80.0 | |
| every 2 months | 50 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 100.0 | |
| Total | 250 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||
| What type of drugs are used by you? | |||||
| Frequency | Percent | Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent | ||
| Valid | alcohol | 54 | 21.6 | 21.6 | 21.6 |
| medicines | 47 | 18.8 | 18.8 | 40.4 | |
| cocaine | 51 | 20.4 | 20.4 | 60.8 | |
| heroine | 53 | 21.2 | 21.2 | 82.0 | |
| other | 45 | 18.0 | 18.0 | 100.0 | |
| Total | 250 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||
| Who introduced you to drugs? | |||||
| Frequency | Percent | Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent | ||
| Valid | friends | 123 | 49.2 | 49.2 | 49.2 |
| family | 127 | 50.8 | 50.8 | 100.0 | |
| Total | 250 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||
| Which are the factors you think influenced you to try drugs? | |||||
| Frequency | Percent | Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent | ||
| Valid | peer pressure | 28 | 11.2 | 11.2 | 11.2 |
| depression | 29 | 11.6 | 11.6 | 22.8 | |
| curiosity | 26 | 10.4 | 10.4 | 33.2 | |
| in the influence of media | 26 | 10.4 | 10.4 | 43.6 | |
| to cope with home problems | 24 | 9.6 | 9.6 | 53.2 | |
| lack of parental guidance | 32 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 66.0 | |
| to deal with study | 28 | 11.2 | 11.2 | 77.2 | |
| because of Rastafarian beliefs | 29 | 11.6 | 11.6 | 88.8 | |
| other | 28 | 11.2 | 11.2 | 100.0 | |
| Total | 250 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||
| Do you think punishments are strictly enforced by government in your area? | |||||
| Frequency | Percent | Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent | ||
| Valid | yes | 83 | 33.2 | 33.2 | 33.2 |
| no | 97 | 38.8 | 38.8 | 72.0 | |
| not sure | 70 | 28.0 | 28.0 | 100.0 | |
| Total | 250 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||
| How much money you spend on drugs on a weekly basis? | |||||
| Frequency | Percent | Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent | ||
| Valid | $5 – $30 | 26 | 10.4 | 10.4 | 10.4 |
| $31 – $50 | 36 | 14.4 | 14.4 | 24.8 | |
| $51 – $100 | 35 | 14.0 | 14.0 | 38.8 | |
| $101 – $150 | 39 | 15.6 | 15.6 | 54.4 | |
| $151 – $200 | 34 | 13.6 | 13.6 | 68.0 | |
| $201 – $500 | 42 | 16.8 | 16.8 | 84.8 | |
| above $501 | 38 | 15.2 | 15.2 | 100.0 | |
| Total | 250 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||
| Rate yourself as a drug addict on a scale 1 to 5? | |||||
| Frequency | Percent | Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent | ||
| Valid | 1 | 48 | 19.2 | 19.2 | 19.2 |
| 2 | 53 | 21.2 | 21.2 | 40.4 | |
| 3 | 53 | 21.2 | 21.2 | 61.6 | |
| 4 | 49 | 19.6 | 19.6 | 81.2 | |
| 5 | 47 | 18.8 | 18.8 | 100.0 | |
| Total | 250 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||
| What you think mostly people in your community been affected by drug abuse? | |||||
| Frequency | Percent | Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent | ||
| Valid | become physically ill | 35 | 14.0 | 14.0 | 14.0 |
| develop mental illness | 36 | 14.4 | 14.4 | 28.4 | |
| become vagrants | 40 | 16.0 | 16.0 | 44.4 | |
| turn to theft | 31 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 56.8 | |
| turn to prostitution | 34 | 13.6 | 13.6 | 70.4 | |
| behave violently | 39 | 15.6 | 15.6 | 86.0 | |
| other | 35 | 14.0 | 14.0 | 100.0 | |
| Total | 250 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||
| What do you think can be done to solve drug problem from society? | |||||
| Frequency | Percent | Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent | ||
| Valid | establishment of more groups and clubs to make people aware of side effects of drugs | 43 | 17.2 | 17.2 | 17.2 |
| establishment of recreational facilities | 34 | 13.6 | 13.6 | 30.8 | |
| greater parental guidance | 32 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 43.6 | |
| greater education through young age | 50 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 63.6 | |
| strict laws against drugs | 36 | 14.4 | 14.4 | 78.0 | |
| other | 55 | 22.0 | 22.0 | 100.0 | |
| Total | 250 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||
Bar Chart
Nominal Regression
| Model Fitting Information | ||||
| Model | Model Fitting Criteria | Likelihood Ratio Tests | ||
| -2 Log Likelihood | Chi-Square | df | Sig. | |
| Intercept Only | 183.965 | |||
| Final | 173.931 | 10.034 | 21 | .978 |
| Pseudo R-Square | |
| Cox and Snell | .039 |
| Nagelkerke | .042 |
| McFadden | .015 |
| Likelihood Ratio Tests | ||||
| Effect | Model Fitting Criteria | Likelihood Ratio Tests | ||
| -2 Log Likelihood of Reduced Model | Chi-Square | df | Sig. | |
| Intercept | 173.931a | .000 | 0 | . |
| age | 180.347 | 6.416 | 15 | .972 |
| gender | 177.433 | 3.502 | 6 | .744 |
| The chi-square statistic is the difference in -2 log-likelihoods between the final model and a reduced model. The reduced model is formed by omitting an effect from the final model. The null hypothesis is that all parameters of that effect are 0. |
* Encoding: UTF-8.
USE ALL.
do if $casenum=1.
compute #s_$_1=250.
compute #s_$_2=1000.
end if.
do if #s_$_2 > 0.
compute filter_$=uniform(1)* #s_$_2 < #s_$_1.
compute #s_$_1=#s_$_1 – filter_$.
compute #s_$_2=#s_$_2 – 1.
else.
compute filter_$=0.
end if.
VARIABLE LABELS filter_$ ‘250 from the first 1000 cases (SAMPLE)’.
FORMATS filter_$ (f1.0).
FILTER BY filter_$.
EXECUTE.
FREQUENCIES VARIABLES=origin age gender marital_status status highest_educationannual_income use
often type introduced influence_try punishments spend rate affected solve
/BARCHART PERCENT
/ORDER=ANALYSIS.
NOMREG spend (BASE=LAST ORDER=ASCENDING) BY age gender
/CRITERIA CIN(95) DELTA(0) MXITER(100) MXSTEP(5) CHKSEP(20) LCONVERGE(0) PCONVERGE(0.000001)
SINGULAR(0.00000001)
/MODEL
/STEPWISE=PIN(.05) POUT(0.1) MINEFFECT(0) RULE(SINGLE) ENTRYMETHOD(LR) REMOVALMETHOD(LR)
/INTERCEPT=INCLUDE
/PRINT=PARAMETER SUMMARY LRT CPS STEP MFI.